This chapter provides an in-depth exploration of ocular anatomy and physiology, essential for paraoptometric technicians working with optometrists and ophthalmologists. It covers the structural and functional aspects of the eye, detailing how various components contribute to vision. From the protective roles of eyelids and lashes to the complex workings of the retina and optic nerves, the chapter lays a foundation for understanding the eye’s interactions with the brain and the broader health system. Detailed explanations of anatomical terms and physiological processes equip readers with the knowledge needed to support diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in eye care.

Additionally, the chapter emphasizes the significance of ocular anatomy in diagnosing systemic diseases and understanding the impact of conditions like diabetes and hypertension on eye health. By mastering these concepts, paraoptometric technicians can effectively assist in eye care procedures, manage common eye conditions, and contribute to enhanced patient outcomes through comprehensive understanding and application of ocular science.