The chapter provides a comprehensive overview of essential body systems and their impact on ocular health. It covers the structure, function, and common disorders of each system, emphasizing their interconnectedness and relevance in diagnosing and managing eye conditions. Key body systems include the nervous, musculoskeletal, circulatory, respiratory, digestive, endocrine, lymphatic, immune, urinary, and reproductive systems. The chapter highlights how systemic diseases manifest in the eyes and underscores the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration in providing holistic patient care.

Learning objectives include understanding the interplay between body systems and eye health, identifying systemic diseases affecting ocular structures, enhancing diagnostic and management skills, and fostering interdisciplinary communication. By understanding the nervous system, eye care professionals can better diagnose and manage neurological disorders impacting vision. The musculoskeletal system’s role in ocular function is explored through conditions like rheumatoid arthritis affecting eye muscles. The circulatory system’s influence on ocular health is discussed, particularly in diabetic retinopathy and hypertensive retinopathy. The respiratory system’s connection to eye health includes managing conditions like COPD and their impact on blood oxygen levels.

Overall, the chapter aims to equip eye care practitioners with the knowledge to recognize systemic health issues that manifest in the eyes, enhancing patient care and interdisciplinary collaboration.