Infection control is essential in healthcare for preventing the spread of diseases within facilities. This chapter details the importance of infection control, understanding pathogens (bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites), and the mechanisms of disease transmission. It outlines key strategies for infection control, such as hand hygiene, use of personal protective equipment (PPE), sterilization of medical instruments, and environmental cleaning.

Additionally, it discusses the body’s defense mechanisms (barrier, innate, and adaptive immunity), medication strategies, and the importance of universal and standard precautions. By implementing these measures, healthcare settings can significantly reduce infection risks, protect patient health, and prevent outbreaks. The chapter also emphasizes continuous education, monitoring, and adapting new techniques to maintain effective infection control practices.